Effect of Ficus glomerata Fruit Extract on Various Biochemical
Parameters in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
A Choudhury*1, RJ
Mandade1, SH Patil1, A Khan1, PD
Warke2 and
KS Patil2.
1Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmacy,
2Department of
Pharmacognosy,
ABSTRACT:
Serum cholesterol and
serum triglycerides are the element which provokes the development of hyperlipidemia and coronary arterial disease. Present study
deals with the study of effect of Ficus Glomerata Fruit extract on biochemical parameters like
serum urea, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and blood glucose level in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Petroleum ether, benzene,
alcohol and aqueous extract showed highly significant activity in decrease of
blood cholesterol, petroleum ether and chloroform extract showed highly
significant activity in decrease of serum triglyceride. From the data obtained,
it can be concluded that the various fruit extract of Ficus glomerata acts as potent antihyperlipidemic and antidiabetic
agent.
KEYWORDS: Serum cholesterol,
serum triglycerides, Ficus glomerata, antihyperlipidemic.
INTRODUCTION:
Ficus glomerata Roxb. has
been used as medicinal plant from ancient times. The plant has got major medicinal activities
like Antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antidiarrhoeal,
anthelmentic also used in various skin diseases,
bronchitis, urine complaints(1-4).
The fruit of the plant contains Hentriacotane, b-sitosterol, gluanol acetate,
glucose, lupeol acetate, friedelin.
Research on Ficus glomerata
stem bark revealed the presence of lupeol, b-sitosterol-D-glucoside, friedelin and stigmasterol(5). The leaves of the
plant were found to contain glycosides, psoralen, gluacol. The plant also contains Tannins, wax and ash
containing silica and phosphoric acid(6).
MATERIAL
Authentification of
Plant
In the present study,
the ripe fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb were collected
in the month of March from the local areas of
Material
In the present study,
the fruits were carefully selected and shade dried. The dried material was reduced to coarse
powder in a mechanical grinder and passed through a Sieve No.40 to obtain
powder of desired particle size. About 200 gms of powdered material was subjected to exhaustive
extraction successively with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform and ethanol
at temperature of 450 – 500C to about 40 cycles per batch
for 8 batches. The extraction was
continued until the solvent in the thimble became clear then few drops of
solvent were collected in a test tube during the completion of the cycle (during
siphoning) and chemical test of that solvent was performed.
Extraction was completed only when chemical
test shows negative results. Finally the
drug was be macerated with chloroform water. After each extraction the solvent
was distilled off rotary evaporator and the extract was concentrated at low
temperature. Some part of the total
extract was reserved for phytochemical investigation
and rest of the extract was used for pharmacological activity(6,7).
Selection
of animal species
Healthy young albino rats of either sex
weighing between 150 to 220 gms
(8 to 12 weeks old) were used for acute toxicity study to determine LD50
of various extracts. Totally there were eight groups, each groups consists of
three animals. Healthy young albino rats of either sex weighing 150 to 220 gms (8 to 12 weeks old) were
selected for the experiment. They were employed for assessing anti-diabetic
activity. Totally, there were seven groups receives test dose and one group was
selected as control group.
Administration of doses
The test substances are administered in a
single dose by gavage using a stomach tube. Animals were fasted prior to dosing,
following period fasting, the animals were weighed and test substance was
administered. After the dose was administered, food was withheld for a further
3-4 hrs in rats.
Selection
and Finalising LD50 Cut Off value of
Extracts:
|
S. No. |
Name of Extract |
LD50
Cut-Off mg/ kg, b.w |
Vehicle |
|
1 |
Petroleum ether extract |
2000mg/kg, b.w. |
Tween 80 |
|
2 |
Benzene extract |
2000mg/kg, b.w. |
Tween 80 |
|
3 |
Chloroform extract |
2000mg/kg, b.w. |
Tween 80 |
|
4 |
Alcohol extract |
2000mg/kg, b.w. |
Tween 80 |
|
5 |
Aqueous extract |
2000mg/kg, b.w. |
Water |
Animals were observed initially after dosing
at least once during the first 30 minutes, periodically during the first 24 hours.
In all cases death was observed with in first 24 hours. Additional observations
like changes in skin and fur, eyes and mucous membranes and also respiratory,
circulatory, autonomic and central nervous systems and vasomotor activity and behaviour pattern. Attention was also given to observation
of tremors and convulsions(6,8).
Assay for Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic activities:
The animals were
rendered diabetic by injecting alloxan intra peritoneally (I.P) at a dose of 150mg/kg body weight. Alloxan was weighed
according to the body wt. of animals separately before starting the experiment
and the alloxan in normal saline solution was
prepared freshly prior to the injection(6).
After 3 hrs of
administration of alloxan injection all the animals
were injected 1ml of (100mg/ml) glucose, I.P. to combat ensuring severe
hypoglycemia. After 72 hrs of the alloxan injection, the animals were tested for the evidence
of diabetes by estimating their blood glucose by using glucose estimation
kit. The blood glucose level more than
150 mg/ml was criteria. To the animals the test extracts (250 mg/kg b.w.) and standard drug Glibenclamide
10mg/kg body weight was administered by dissolving in Tween
80 / water and normal saline respectively.
The blood samples were obtained through the tail vein puncturing with
hypodermic needle. A 0.2ml of blood was
withdrawn at interval of initial (0 hr) o day and the end of 15th
day (after prolonged treatment). The animals were segregated into eight groups
of six rats each, taking into consideration of the diabetic blood sugar
level. One group is normal control and
other is diabetic control along with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform,
alcohol and aqueous extracts which were compared with standard Glibenclamide group.
Fig no.1 Effect of Ficus glomerata Fruit Extract on Serum
Cholesterol Level of Alloxan in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
Figure: 2. Effect of Ficus
glomerata Fruit Extract on Serum Triglycerides
Level of Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats after
Prolonged Treatment.
Determination of Serum
cholesterol, Serum Triglycerides and Serum Urea
Serum obtained after centrifugation was used for
estimation of total cholesterol, triglycerides, serum urea. These biochemical
parameters were determined in laboratory. Results were given in table no 1, 2,
3 and 4.
Statistical Analysis
The blood glucose level was measured in all the groups by
using glucose estimation kit and other biochemical parameters tested in
biochemical laboratory. Statical analysis was done by ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s‘t’ test.
Table No. 1 :Effect of Ficus Glomerata Fruit Extract on Serum Cholesterol Level of Alloxan in alloxan induced
diabetic rats.
|
Animal
No. |
Control |
Positive Control |
Glibenclamide |
Petroleum
Ether Extract |
Benzene
Extract |
Chloroform
Extract |
Alcohol
Extract |
Aqueous
Extract |
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
50 54 59 52 61 58 |
170 109 154 149 161 150 |
54 56 55 61 59 57 |
58 61 64 63 59 58 |
108 112 116 121 103 99 |
140 135 136 151 160 140 |
59 72 74 69 67 79 |
70 81 74 69 73 69 |
|
Mean ± |
55.67
±1.764 |
148.8
±8.585 |
57.00 ±1.065* |
60.50
±1.057* |
109.8
±3.341* |
145.2
±4.012 |
70.00
±2.781* |
72.67
±1.874* |
* P < 0.01
Table No.2: Effect of Ficus glomerata Fruit Extract on Serum Triglycerides Level of
Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats after Prolonged
Treatment
|
Animal No. |
Control |
Positive Control |
Glibenclamide |
Petroleum Ether Extract |
Benzene Extract |
Chloroform Extract |
Alcohol Extract |
Aqueous Extract |
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
10 7.8 11.1 8.4 8.9 10.3 |
25 19 21 23 18 19 |
13 14.1 12.8 15.9 16.1 13.4 |
14.4 13.8 11.4 12.9 15.4 12.2 |
24 23.6 21.8 23.1 19.8 18.4 |
16.4 14.1 13.9 14.8 16.4 15.9 |
17.8 19.1 21.4 19.3 18.9 16.9 |
24.3 21.8 25.6 26.1 20.7 19.8 |
|
Mean ± |
9.417 ±0.5121 |
20.83 ±1.108 |
14.22
±0.593* |
13.35 ±0.601* |
21.78 ±0.9188 |
15.25 ±0.4624* |
18.90 ±0.6234 |
23.05 ±1.080 |
* P < 0.01 SEM- Standard error mean
Table no.3: Effect
of Ficus glomerata fruit
extract on serum urea level of alloxan induced
diabetic rats after prolonged treatment.
|
Animal No. |
Control |
Positive Control |
Glibenclamide |
Petroleum Ether Extract |
Benzene Extract |
Chloroform Extract |
Alcohol Extract |
Aqueous Extract |
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
16 18 25 17 19 21 |
90 112 150 94 96 85 |
29 32 38 26 31 35 |
36 42 39 38 46 49 |
70 82 102 90 75 89 |
39 48 32 51 56 54 |
28 39 36 34 41 45 |
63 59 68 65 74 71 |
|
Mean ± |
19.33 ±1.333 |
104.5 ±9.831 |
31.83
±1.740* |
41.67 ±2.044* |
84.67 ±4.702 |
46.67 ±3.809* |
37.17 ±2.414* |
66.67 ±2.231* |
* P < 0.01 SEM- Standard error mean
RESULT
Diabetes is disorder of
carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism attributed to the diminished
production of insulin or mounting resistance to the action. Chronic
hyperglycemia leads to secondary complications like affecting eyes, kidneys,
nerves and arteries. Hyderlipidemia and
atherosclerosis is one of the complications arise due to diabetes. The result
of this study indicated that petroleum ether, benzene,
alcohol and aqueous extract showed highly significant activity in decrease of
blood cholesterol, petroleum ether and chloroform extract showed highly
significant activity in decrease of serum triglyceride in alloxan
induced diabetic rats.
Figure no. 3. Effect of ficus glomerata fruit extract on serum urea level of alloxan induced diabetic rats after prolonged treatment
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Received on 28.02.2009
Accepted on 24.04.2009
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all right reserved
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2(1): Jan.-Feb. 2010, 82-84